Word: coal
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Some forms of renewable energy already compete with the cheapest coal- powered generators. Wind turbines produce electricity in California for between 4.5 cents and 4.8 cents per KW-H, roughly the same as the cost of power from a coal-fired plant. Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute in Colorado believes that a new generation of gearless wind turbines will improve efficiency and lower the cost to 3.5 cents per KW-H by the end of the decade. Christopher Flavin, co-author of Power Surge, a Worldwatch Institute book, says that within the next year India will be installing...
...coal are facing new challengers even among hydrocarbons. As recently as 10 years ago, natural gas was considered a dead-end industry because analysts grossly underestimated global reserves. Now it is rapidly becoming a favorite fuel of electric utilities. More than 30% cheaper than oil, it burns efficiently, and it produces fewer pollutants and a third less carbon dioxide than oil. World production has risen 30% since the mid-1980s. Because of its advantages over dirtier hydrocarbons, natural gas may be a bridge between oil and coal and the solar...
...refining, coal liquefaction and other related industrial processes depend on chemists' being able to manipulate the complex molecules known as hydrocarbons. George Olah of the University of Southern California discovered in the 1960s how to slow down -- and thus control -- hydrocarbon reactions by supercooling them. His work led directly to the development of higher-octane gasoline -- and earned him this year's Chemistry Prize...
...agreement for overseeing Pyongyang's nuclear capabilities. Under the proposed accord, North Korea would reportedly freeze its nuclear-weapons program, allow for regular international inspections of its facilities and abide by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The U.S. in return would help Pyongyang meet its energy needs with coal and fuel oil and eventually help arrange for the construction of nuclear power plants worth billions of dollars...
Fini joined politicians in condemning skinhead violence. He said the - marchers in Vicenza should be "put in coal mines so they can break rocks with their heads." When told that his National Alliance colleague Buontempo thought highly of the demonstrators, Fini simply said, "Buontempo is mistaken...