Word: coal
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...Persian Gulf through the Strait of Malacca, into the South China Sea and finally to Japanese ports. From those tankers and others pour 99.8% of the country's oil and 70% of its total energy needs. Japan also imports 90.7% of its natural gas and 81.8% of its coal. The whole edifice of Japanese prosperity is built on those foreign energy sources...
...shock, when the price of crude rose in less than a year from about $2 to more than $11 per bbl. Before those hikes, Japan's oil consumption had been growing at 15% annually, encouraged by a government policy that de-emphasized the use of coal. When the price of oil jumped, Japan's economy teetered. Factories closed, unemployment rose, inflation zoomed. The Japanese economic miracle appeared to be ending...
When it rains, it pours. Next came a study from the National Research Council, an arm of the august National Academy of Sciences. Its unequivocal conclusion: reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power plants and factories, such as those in the Midwest, would in fact significantly reduce the acidity in rain, snow and other precipitation that is widely believed to be sapping the life from fresh-water lakes and forests in the Northeast and Canada. The panel did not recommend any specific action. But, concluded Committee Chairman Jack Calvert, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research...
...require reduction over the next decade of sulfur-dioxide emissions by 10 million tons in the states bordering on and east of the Mississippi. A tougher measure was introduced in the House ordering the 50 largest sulfur polluters in the U.S. to cut emissions substantially. To appease the Eastern coal mining industry, which fears a switch to low-sulfur Western coal, the bill requires the installation of expensive "scrubbers," devices for removing sulfur from the smoke, rather than a ban on high-sulfur fuel. Still, the legislation is being vigorously opposed by the coal industry and utilities, especially...
According to Barzini's saline account, one of Britain's most potent gifts to Europe was the black suit, a Continental uniform during the 19th century. This austere garment symbolized the qualities of sobriety, decency and steadiness that, along with those prodigious coal mines, allowed Britain to dominate the world for decades. The dark myth of British superiority persisted long after the country's decline, and led Britain in the 1950s to a disastrous delay in condescending to join the Common Market...