Word: coal
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Adel F. Sarofim, professor of engineering at MIT and a director of the Exxon-sponsored research project, said yesterday one of the project's goals is to discover clean combustion techniques for fossil fuels such as coal, coal liquids, shale oil and heavy crude oil. The fuels now require heavy preliminary refining...
...that links many South African inland cities to the Indian Ocean port facilities at Maputo. It also buys most of the hydroelectric power produced by Mozambique's Cabora Bassa Dam on the Zambezi River. About 35,000 Mozambican workers are employed in South Africa's gold and coal mines. Although Machel opposes South Africa's apartheid policies, he also recognizes that the two countries share a long common border. "This is a reality that can be neither ignored nor altered," he says. "Peaceful co-existence between neighboring states does not hamper the cause of peoples' liberation...
...killing 600 Afghan soldiers in a mountain encampment and destroying 40 tanks. A band of rebels reportedly crossed the border between Afghanistan and the U.S.S.R. and managed to kill 200 Soviet troops. The rebels also claimed to have exploded a newly completed copper mine in the Logar Valley and coal mines in Badakhshan. They have been putting pressure on farmers to cut back on spring planting. Partly for that reason, this year's grain crop will be only 75% of normal. When two grape growers pruned their vines, in violation of the rebels' orders, insurgents...
...extraction also requires huge amounts of energy. Just to heat enough steam to liquefy and then force three barrels of heavy oil up a well shaft can take as much as one barrel of oil or its energy equivalent in the form of natural gas or coal...
...private sector. All kinds of subsidies are available, many of which are designed to promote industrial innovation. The Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, an agency not similarly represented in the U.S. cabinet, has a rapidly growing budget that has supported projects in fields like microelectronics, silicon chips, coal gasification, and may soon support steel modernization. Other subsidies have helped prevent the collapse of key companies or lagging sectors, but with more stringent government efforts to impose conditions and require the rationalization of the subsidized industry than would be true in America. It has been effective in responding...