Word: coale
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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While the U.S. warily eyed the storm clouds over the steel industry last week, the storm hit from another direction. John L. Lewis gestured with majestic arrogance to his 480,000 United Mine Workers and they knew what to do. This week the nation's coal mines were shut down by strike...
...West Virginia, striking soft-coal miners roamed the countryside in automobile caravans to make sure the mines stayed closed. In Glenridge, Ill., 145 miners showed up briefly but did not even change into work clothes. A few Pennsylvania hard-coal miners turned up at tipples, chatted awhile and then headed back home; most of the 80,000 anthracite miners were also out on a sympathy strike. Nearly everywhere the U.S. digs its coal, mining operations creaked to an almost complete standstill...
Strategic Errors. That was John Lewis' way of repairing some grave errors in his own strategy. When the miners' contract ran out nearly three months ago he had modified the traditional "no contract, no work" policy by ordering all his soft-coal miners east of the Mississippi on a three-day week. But that strategem had fizzled...
During the warm summer months the nation's coal stockpiles remained comfortably high-enough for 70 days-despite reduced production...
Then a sizable bloc of Southern operators, led by Island Creek Coal's President James D. Francis, dusted off John Lewis' own terse dictum, tailored it a bit and tossed it back in his face. Their message: "No contract, no royalty payments." The Southern operators, who produce 40% of the nation's coal, cut off their 20?a ton payments to the U.M.W.'s $90 million-a-year welfare and retirement fund...