Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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Since Friedrich Woehler a hundred years ago accidentally manufactured urea, scientists have synthesized more things than exist naturally in the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. Carbon is the base of most of these new products. As diamond it is the most precious natural substance, as coal the most valuable. Carbon plus oxygen gives carbon monoxide, whence grows a myriad of compounds; carbon plus hydrogen gives methane, and its myriad; carbon plus nitrogen gives cyanogen, and its myriad; C plus N plus H gives hydrocyanic acid; C plus N plus H plus O gives urea. There are 400,000 carbon derivatives...
Enriched Scientist. Georges Claude of France was the darling of the scientists and businessmen at the coal conference. His discoveries and applications of pure science have made him a rich man. Vast industries depend upon his inventions. He discovered how to dissolve acetylene in acetone; $20,000,000 worth of dissolved acetylene is sold over the world each year. He invented a way of liquefying air; the Air Reduction Co. has 30 plants using his process, is worth $25,000,000. He created neon lamps; cities and airports now glow redly, to his profit. He put waste coke oven gases...
Artificial Coal. Dr. Friedrich Bergius of Germany heated soft coal, hydrogen and a catalyst under heavy pressure. The coal changed into gasolines, aromatics and other volatile hydrocarbons. This Berginization process the German Dye Trust is using under direction of Dr. Carl Krauch, able chemist, who was at Pittsburgh last week. With him was Dr. Bergius himself to report his further wizardry with hydrocarbons. By heating cellulose and: water or lignin and water, lie produced coal. "End coal" he ; calls it, and, like natural coal he could transmute it into gasoline and other fractional products...
Brilliant and useful is Dr. Bergius' feat. Brilliant and useful too is another U. S. method of making artificial coal. Instead of throwing away the thick refuse oil left in refinery stills, it is heated in tubes several thousand feet long. This heating produces some vaporized, oil. The residue cools into shapeless blocks of bituminous coal, which can be processed just like natural soft coal...
Rubber. This is a chemist's way from coal to rubber: coal, coke, calcium carbide, acetone, isoprene, rubber."This artificial rubber is still much more expensive: than vegetable rubber, nor can it yet be vulcanized...