Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Back home, there were plenty of noisy young men who did. Noisiest was the flamboyant Nnamde ("Zik") Azikiwe, a nimble Ibo spellbinder who had spent nine years in the U.S. working as a coal miner, professional boxer and gatherer of university degrees (Lincoln University, the University of Pennsylvania). Returning home, he became the loudest advocate of an independent, united Nigeria. Under the rising pressure, the British agreed to set up-as "advisory" bodies only-local Houses of Assembly in all three regions, plus a federal legislative council...
Economically, Nigeria is a "have" nation by African standards, is close to self-sufficiency in food. But with a per capita income of only $84, capital is lacking to move the economy beyond its present agricultural base. Tin, columbite (for jet-engine alloys) and coal are all being exported, but there is no money to develop the lead, zinc and iron ore that have been found in quantity. Abubakar dreams of building West Africa's first steel mill and a huge dam on the Niger. But the big hope is oil. After 25 years, Shell finally hit a gusher...
...British Laborites ever so loudly damned the rich as the late Aneurin Bevan, who once ticked off the landed gentry as "vermin." Supplementing his own $4,900-a-year salary as an M.P. with writing, ex-Coal Miner Bevan spent his last years on a 52-acre farm in Buckinghamshire, taking up with delight many of the ways of his erstwhile class enemies, while sticking to his old convictions. When Nye Bevan's estate was probated last week, it was totted up at $65,766.80-a tidy amount to accumulate in tax-burdened Britain...
...moon face impassive, her eyes coolly remote. The number for which she is most famous is Water Boy, an old Negro work song, but she has in her repertory some 200 tunes, including This Land Is Your Land, Dark as a Dungeon, Great Historical Bum, Pay Day at Coal Creek. She is a keening Irishwoman in Foggy Dew, a chain-gang convict in Take This Hammer, a deserted lover in Lass from the Low Country. Her dark, handsomely pliant voice has none of the whisky rawness long idolized in such untutored folk singers as Lead Belly or Bessie Smith...
...left the area, collapsed or severely cut back their work force under the stress of technological change or competition from more efficient plants elsewhere. The textile industry has moved out of New England for the South's lower wages. In Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky, automation in the coal mines and a national shift from coal to oil and gas have thrown thousands out of work. Modernization of the steel industry, abetted by a slump in steel sales is pushing Youngstown and Pittsburgh toward the depressed category...