Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...South; crops in the North were insufficient to feed its population. Industry, indeed, had been established in the North?but the plant was minuscule: a cement factory, a brewery, a few railway-repair shops and an assortment of small machine and textile producers. Ho's major asset was coal, and its continuing abundance has provided North Viet Nam with badly needed foreign exchange. Clearly, intensive efforts were needed in the agricultural sector. Ho's first major program, accordingly, was agrarian reform, and his first mass target was the "exploiting landlords." There were, in fact, few landlords of any size. Nevertheless...
...kind of lead-gray overcast for which Germany's Ruhr Valley is noted. Becher's concern with the weather is not a matter of whim. He is a photographer, his subject the collieries, mills, water towers and other rugged structures of Europe's coal and steel industries. Only a dull diffused light, he has found, can properly set off the austere, utilitarian designs produced by the Industrial Revolution long before Bauhaus theoreticians made a cult of functionalism...
...right, Bernhard and Hilla pile their assorted cameras and tripods, plus the makings of a picnic, into their rattling Volkswagen bus and head for the slag heaps. When they are not on a long haul to the coal fields of Liège, Belgium, or the grimy Bassin du Nord of France, they ply a favored route leading from Düsseldorf into the heart of the Ruhr, home of Germany's coal and steel industries. Before a visit to Oberhausen recently, Becher had made contact with one of the plant offices, cajoled plant guards with a few cases...
Anonymous Sculpture. The Bechers' interest in photographing what most people prefer to forget has understandably raised many a questioning eyebrow. "The hardest thing when I first started was getting permission," says Bernhard. "They thought I was crazy." Descended from coal miners and steel workers, Becher came to his interest in industrial relics naturally. At first he pursued a painting career, soon found that the sights that captivated him were factories, machinery, construction sites...
Like Yablonski's challenge, the miners' suit demonstrates the depth of the coal miners' discontent with a union that has lost touch with its members. "Tony Boyle and his associates thought they owned the union," said Yablonski after his nomination victory last week. "Now at long last he knows he misjudged the men who belong to this union." Although election odds as of now favor Boyle, dissatisfaction among rank-and-file miners is still growing. The price of Boyle's misjudgment could...