Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...office in Pretoria. The charges against last week's prisoners were graver-an index of how the ANC, long ago an advocate of peaceful change, now reaches for the gun. Moise was charged with the 1980 bombing of fuel storage tanks at South Africa's SASOL coal liquefaction plant, the most spectacular guerrilla attack ever staged in the country, with damage estimated at $7.2 million. Shabangu had thrown a grenade into the home of a black policeman in the sprawling black township of Soweto, near Johannesburg. Tsotsobe had been involved in an armed assault on a Johannesburg police...
...almost 90% in the past two years, to an average price in excess of $34 per bbl. That rise has fanned inflation and cut economic growth around the world. More important, it has led businesses and individuals to reduce consumption and start looking to such alternative energy sources as coal, natural gas and solar power...
...other states now impose such levies. But as fuel prices have soared, energy-rich states have increased their tariffs. Alaska, for instance, raised its oil tax from 12% to 15% last June. That was reasonable compared with Montana and Wyoming, which are exacting 30% and 17%, respectively, on coal exports. All told, coal, gas and oil severance-tax collections have ballooned from $2.1 billion in 1977 to $4 billion last year. Says Governor Brendan Byrne of New Jersey: "It is potentially the largest transfer of wealth in the history of this country...
...receiving end say they need the money to cover the environmental and social costs of extracting natural resources. They point to the new roads, schools and sewer systems needed by burgeoning energy towns, and to the sad example of those Appalachian states that remained impoverished while shipping their coal elsewhere. Severance taxes, says Montana Governor Ted Schwinden, help prevent "the mistakes of the past, cover the costs of today, and leave us something when all the coal is gone...
...called for a halt to further food protests until the second half of Solidarity's national congress ends in mid-October. Citing the country's "serious economic and social situation," the resolution also urged workers to give up eight free Saturdays this year to boost production of coal, food and exports. Tensions eased following the publication of the Gdansk communiqué, which the official party daily Trybuna Ludu called "a partial return to realistic thinking...