Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...things: curtail services or raise taxes. In a closed-door session, according to Arkansas' Frank White, seven out of 20 Governors confessed they had either just passed tax increases or intend to do so soon. Some states will suffer more than others. North Dakota, with its oil and coal revenues, will do just fine without the federal dollars. Boasts Governor Allen Olson: "We want to prove we can live without them." But in the Northeast and industrial Midwest, the new federalism is "cruel and unusual punishment," according to Roger Vaughan, economic aide to New York Governor Hugh Carey. These...
That fear, voiced by J.R. Prestidge of the Northeast-Midwest Institute, a research center in Washington, B.C., is shared by state officials throughout the industrial Frostbelt. The source of their concern: severance taxes, duties imposed by a state on its exports to other states of oil, natural gas, coal or other nonrenewable resources. The flow of these tax revenues from energy consumers to energy producers is creating antagonisms between the states much like those among nations. "The coal states have the power to become our OPEC within," says Washington Economist Sally Hunt Streiter. Complains New York Taxation and Finance Commissioner...
Reagan's tough reaction to the strike was reminiscent of Franklin D. Roosevelt's wartime order to draft striking coal miners in 1943, then to have the Government seize and operate the mines...
When rail unions struck that same year, Roosevelt put the War Department in charge of the railroads. Harry Truman similarly ordered strike-bound coal mines seized in 1946, railroads in 1950 and steel mills in 1952. Richard Nixon in 1970 sent military troops into post offices where federal employees had illegally left their jobs. Still, taking on the controllers was not quite as difficult as facing down coal, steel, railroad and postal workers?who have far more members and political clout than doesPATCO...
...automobile emission standards for some pollutants would be rolled back to limits in effect in 1977. The rule designed to prevent significant deterioration of current air quality would be relaxed so that industries could expand in areas where pollution is now below the national maximum. And new coal plants would face less stringent sulfur-emission requirements...