Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...packed for the trip home, Olebogeng looked around his dorm room, an 18-ft.-sq. space, lit by a single bulb, which he shares with 19 others. A coal-burning stove provides the only heat in winter and helps dry the rows of fetid clothes that hang on string lines. The miners sleep on pads on top of grimy two-level cement-slab bunks and store their possessions in small wooden lockers. One of Olebogeng's roommates was still there, packing T shirts for his two young daughters. "I'm gone so much, I'm surprised they recognize me," said...
...addition to the new credit package, which will finance four hydroelectric, coal, steel and oil-exploration projects, the two countries signed agreements expanding consular facilities and cultural programs, including a Festival of India for the Soviet Union similar to the one that traveled to the U.S. last year. Gandhi turned down a Soviet offer to build two nuclear power plants. India already has the capability to build them and wants to avoid dependency on Soviet nuclear-fuel supplies. Indian officials took a cautious line on a Soviet offer to provide military equipment to counter any Airborne Warning and Control System...
...coming. A leading shipbuilder announces that nearly 40% of its workers will be laid off, and those who keep their jobs will have to take 10% salary cuts and a 50% slash in their usual year-end bonuses. Thousands of steelworkers are idle, as mammoth steel furnaces stand silent. Coal mines are closing, and even some automobile assembly lines are shut down...
Still, not all Japan's troubles can be traced to the yen. Some of the country's older industries, including steel, shipbuilding and coal mining have been declining for the better part of a decade. One reason: they face fierce competition from what economists call the newly industrialized countries, like South Korea, Taiwan and Brazil. The NICs compete largely by paying lower wages. The average hourly salary of a South Korean steelworker, for example, is one-sixth the level of his Japanese counterpart...
While electronics and car manufacturers have only recently stumbled, Japan's coal-mining industry has been in a long slide. Indeed, the industry may have survived only because of price supports. A government advisory panel last month recommended that domestic coal production should be slashed 38%, to 10 million tons a year, by 1991. As a result, about 11,000 of the country's 24,000 miners would lose their jobs. Says Shigeo Shigetaka, a union official at the Mitsui Sunagawa coal mine: "The proposed cut is the same as a death sentence." To protest the plan, workers at Japan...