Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Spawned in the mid-18th century, the first Industrial Revolution was fueled by the steam power and coal of Britain. The second, around 1900, got its push from chemical and electrical developments in Germany. Now there is a third industrial revolution under way, propelled by microchips. This time, however, the driving force is in the U.S. and Japan, and Western Europe is being left far behind...
...controversy. In March 1983 he was promoted from Budget Minister, a junior position in the French Cabinet, to head of the Ministry for Industry and Research. His impact was immediate: he began to redirect large government subsidies away from such loss-making nationalized industries as steel, shipbuilding and coal toward new high-technology enterprises. When the government announced plans to eliminate 25,000 of the 90,000 jobs in the steel industry by 1987, ugly riots erupted in Lorraine...
...nation's maritime exports, worth an estimated $2.5 billion a week. There was also a political cost: the strike by longshoremen, called dockers by the British, came to symbolize a summer of discontent for the 58-year-old Prime Minister. Faced with an often violent, five-month-old coal miners' strike, economic setbacks and a series of political pratfalls, Thatcher seems surrounded by trouble. The latest Gallup poll, released last week, shows public support for the government at its lowest level since March 1982, before the Falklands war began: 37.5% favor Thatcher's Conservative Party, compared with...
Historically, Democrats won by embracing disparate and even warring factions. The New Deal coalition included urban ethnics, Southern Protestants, dirt farmers, Jewish intellectuals, illiterate coal miners, poor blacks and virulent racists. Improbably, they rallied behind a Groton-and Harvard-educated polio victim with a patrician accent...
...Britons have made it a scape goat for the country's economic ills: a recent Gallup poll showed that only 33% of Britons consider membership "a good thing." Nevertheless, domestic politics had much to do with why Thatcher changed her stand. Her handling of the 17-week-old coal miners' strike, which has produced violence on a scale rarely seen in Britain, has contributed to a growing perception of the Prime Minister as stubborn and intractable...