Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...chipping at the state and local levels to mitigate the hoped-for economic stimulus from the tax cut. This is especially true in the industrial states of the Midwest, where local governments are particularly hard pressed for revenue. Their once sturdy tax bases, proudly rooted in steel, autos, coal and muscle, have been eroded by the migration of people and companies to the Sunbelt, and by competition from more cost-efficient manufacturing operations in Japan and Europe. Most of them are simply running out of new sources of revenue and have to keep putting higher and higher taxes...
Beckley (pop 20.492) sits in the southern coal-mining region of West Virginia, "not exactly desolate, but certainly way out in nowhere." Klingensmith's family has lived in the Mountain State since the 1840s, but they're not hillbillies--Charles is the third generation to earn a Harvard degree, and his father is a thoracic surgeon. Not snobs, either, though--the Klingensmith home may have been an "oasts of civility," but its younger members were taught "a deep appreciation for the people who lived around us and for fellow West Virginians...
...There is coal money in Beckley now, but it's "inequitably distributed...The people who are poor are poor." Klingensmith says. "It's all government-funded poverty, and it comes largely from just shiftlessness. At least the poor in New England keep their property tidy: they don't in West Virginia. There's garbage strewn all over." And the people who are rich, mainly mine operators and speculators, "do not wear their money well." One summer Klingensmith worked on a construction crew building big private homes. Minutes after the plumbing was installed in one, the rumor spread that the toilet...
Aside from Union's efforts, the only other major synthetic-fuels project in the U.S. is the partially completed $2.1 billion Great Plains Coal Gasification Project near Beulah, N. Dak. The plant is scheduled to produce 125 million cu. ft. of high-quality natural gas daily, from 14,000 tons of coal, by December...
...March 31, 1981, there were 63 applications from a range of sponsors including energy companies, municipalities and utilities for federal support of synfuels projects, but the Administration whittled them back to only five. They are two coal-liquefication plants in Kentucky and Wyoming, a methanol conversion plant in North Carolina, a coal-gasification facility in Memphis and a heavy-oil upgrading project in California...