Word: coaling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...business came to a complete halt," Ruth McKenney* reported in the typical industrial center of Akron, Ohio. "The rubber shops closed. Streetcars ran on half schedules. Coal companies shut. Thousands and thousands of men, still employed despite the Depression, were sent home from work 'temporarily laid off.' Money nearly disappeared from circulation. Payrolls were not met. Checks were not honored...
Distilled mainly from oil but refined also from coal, kerosene was widely used for lighting and to some extent for cooking and heating in 19th century America. It lost favor as a way to heat homes with the spread of natural gas, oil heat and rural electrification in the 1950s. To Americans in their 40s and 50s, the smell of kerosene still stirs Depression-era memories of farmhouse living rooms with linoleum-covered floors and bulky kerosene heaters from Sears or Montgomery Ward in the corner...
...cordoned off the trouble spots, ZOMO units broke up most of the demonstrations that took place after Jaruzelski imposed martial law. In Gdansk they burst into the Lenin shipyards to end a sit-in by the workers who had launched the independent Solidarity trade union in August 1980. When coal miners in the Wujek pit near the Silesian city of Katowice resisted martial law, it was the members of ZOMO who opened fire. The government admits that eight miners were killed in the incident. ZOMO forces reportedly attacked even doctors and nurses who had arrived to take wounded miners...
...first two decades after World War II, it was Moscow that exploited the economies of its satellites. East German factories were dismantled and moved to the Soviet Union. Czech uranium and Polish coal were shipped east and used in Soviet plants. But the relationship changed in the early 1970s, when the world price of oil and other raw materials rose dramatically and the Soviets decided to protect their Eastern European clients from the full brunt of the increases...
Most of the young conscripts who stand guard at every significant intersection in Warsaw attempt to be pleasant. They seem overjoyed when an occasional passer-by stops to chat as they stand next to their coal-fired braziers warming themselves against the freezing temperatures of one of Poland's coldest and snowiest Decembers in years. But they are easily angered when people mutter that "all the coal goes to the army...