Word: coaling
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...cordoned off the trouble spots, ZOMO units broke up most of the demonstrations that took place after Jaruzelski imposed martial law. In Gdansk they burst into the Lenin shipyards to end a sit-in by the workers who had launched the independent Solidarity trade union in August 1980. When coal miners in the Wujek pit near the Silesian city of Katowice resisted martial law, it was the members of ZOMO who opened fire. The government admits that eight miners were killed in the incident. ZOMO forces reportedly attacked even doctors and nurses who had arrived to take wounded miners...
...first two decades after World War II, it was Moscow that exploited the economies of its satellites. East German factories were dismantled and moved to the Soviet Union. Czech uranium and Polish coal were shipped east and used in Soviet plants. But the relationship changed in the early 1970s, when the world price of oil and other raw materials rose dramatically and the Soviets decided to protect their Eastern European clients from the full brunt of the increases...
...although he began by winning an extraordinary concession from the government on a strictly labor matter: a five-day work week, granted on Jan. 31 after decades of six-day work weeks in Poland. But that only aggravated the economic crisis by further reducing production?especially in the coal-mining industry, whose output fell by nearly 10% in 1981. In addition, the country was soon swept by a spate of wildcat strikes over local issues. In some cases, Solidarity chapters were taking on the Communist Party bureaucracy by demanding the ouster of corrupt local officials or the conversion of party...
Most of the young conscripts who stand guard at every significant intersection in Warsaw attempt to be pleasant. They seem overjoyed when an occasional passer-by stops to chat as they stand next to their coal-fired braziers warming themselves against the freezing temperatures of one of Poland's coldest and snowiest Decembers in years. But they are easily angered when people mutter that "all the coal goes to the army...
...sing the national anthem. By 7 p.m. the streets were empty. That night, in its first admission of casualties, Warsaw radio reported in somber tones that seven Poles had been killed and hundreds wounded in a clash between miners, fighting with picks and axes, and troops at a coal mine near Katowice, in southern Poland. In addition, it acknowledged, 160 militiamen and 164 civilians had been injured during continuing disturbances in Gdansk...