Word: coaling
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Soviet propaganda both sentimentalizes and glorifies industrial workers as the backbone of the revolution. Like the legendary miner Alexei Stakhanov, who dug an unprecedented 102 tons of coal in one six-hour shift, workers are constantly praised for scaling greater heights of industrial productivity, led on by the guiding spirit of Communist Party leadership...
...Coal, which the Soviets also have in abundance, is unlikely to fill much of the gap. Soviet coal reserves total 7 trillion tons, or enough to last 350 years, but most of the coal, like the other fuels, is in Siberia, where distance and climate make exploitation difficult. The coal is primarily low-grade, high-polluting lignite, and much of it is pyrophoric, that is to say, it can ignite spontaneously upon contact with oxygen. Still, Western analysts are baffled by the U.S.S.R.'s declining coal production. In 1979 output was 3 million tons less than...
...plants, owned by the South African Coal, Oil & Gas Corp. (SASOL), are part of an ambitious project that aims to make South Africa almost totally self-sufficient in gasoline before the turn of the century by turning coal into liquid fuel. While similar synthetic fuels helped run Hitler's armies during World War II, the procedure has not been widely used because, until recently, petroleum was much cheaper. The South Africans have developed the most advanced facilities in the world for making synthetic fuels. Under the Carter national energy program now being completed in Congress, the U.S. would build...
Like that innovative inventor in the land of Balnibarbi, the U.S. is scrambling to discover new energy supplies as well as different and unusual ways of using and saving its energy. But while many bureaucrats, multinational companies and politicians see nuclear power, coal and more oil finds as the solution, the nation's growing number of energy enthusiasts promote the idea that the answers to the fuel crisis already exist somewhere, unrecognized and underused. The only difficulty, they argue, is getting them out of some creative minds and into practice...
...does nothing to ease the immediate OPEC squeeze, but its long-range effect will be important. Initially, Carter had called for a ten-year, $88 billion effort to construct a network of synfuel plants that could produce up to 2.5 million bbl. of crude oil per day out of coal, shale rock and tar sands. That would enable the nation to cut its projected consumption of imported oil about one-third by 1990. The House-Senate conferees accepted the ultimate goal of the program as set by the President but slowed the pace of spending. Instead of a crash effort...