Word: coals
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...feel of his grip on NRA that last week he boldly demanded that his organization be made an official co-administrator of all codes. NRA was almost as busy settling strikes and getting union men back to work as it was in creating new jobs for the unemployed. The coal strike hinged directly on the coal code which required the President's direct intervention (see p. 11). In the East 50,000 silk workers went on strike in protest against lumping their trade with cotton and rayon for code purposes...
Where General Johnson's bullyragging and President Roosevelt's patriotic pleas had failed, 30,000 determined coal miners in Pennsylvania scored a major success for NRA last week. Only after they defied their union leaders and started another strike which threatened to engulf the industry were mine operators sufficiently terrified to sign a soft coal code...
First big strike of the NRA occurred last July in the same Pennsylvania coal fields (TIME, Aug. 7 et seq.). Starting in Fayette County, 50,000 miners walked out in protest against the operators' refusal to recognize John Llewellyn Lewis' United Mine Workers. Riot, bloodshed and death preceded Governor Pinchot's declaration of martial law and his dispatch of guardsmen. A temporary peace was patched up when President Roosevelt sent Deputy Administrator McGrady into the coal fields as his personal emissary to promise the strikers a square deal under NRA. With mining resumed, coal code negotiations...
...consent to a compromise with the operators. As delay followed delay on the code, he blew hot words on the miners' discontent. Why was there no code yet? Because the operators were stalling for time. Why did they want time? So they could mine a surplus of coal at low wages and then shut down and sell it at a big profit when a code was forced on them.* Only a strike would break up their scheme...
...example, that nothing but the Ohio River separated Western Kentucky's $3.84 per day scale and Illinois' $5. Having listened to such talk for six weeks, General Johnson was unmoved. With the law and the President behind him, he was supremely confident of riveting a coal code on the industry this week...