Word: coastal
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Alaska's treasures -- and a major center of the dispute over oil exploration -- is a park the size of eight Yellowstones. Within this vast preserve, called the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, lies a 1.5 million-acre section of the coastal plain that the oil industry insists has the greatest potential of any land in the U.S. Only two native villages abut this vast park: Arctic Village, on the southern border in the foothills of the Brooks Range, which is home to 100 Gwich'in members of the Athapaskan Indian group; and Kaktovik, on Barter Island, far to the north...
...violation of Exxon policy, which calls for the captain to keep command until the ship is on the open ocean. Hazelwood turned over the steering of the ship to Third Mate Gregory Cousins, who is not licensed by the Coast Guard to pilot a vessel through Alaskan coastal waters...
...jobs and citizens, such communities now find they are threatened by conditions, ranging from global competition to deregulation, that are beyond their control. As the small towns shrivel away, so does a way of life that helped define America's character. The U.S. is gradually becoming a more congested, coastal megalopolis, with an increasingly lonely place in the middle...
...answer for small towns, because it generally offers mostly minimum-wage jobs. Several studies have found that the full blossoming of a high-tech economy comes only after it receives a heavy dose of defense contracts. The bulk of that money currently goes to the country's heavily populated coastal regions, which have the most congressional representation. Says Tom Daniels, associate professor of regional and community planning at Kansas State: "Look where all the defense dollars are going, and you can see we are creating a bicoastal economy...
Arcata followed up immediately by coaxing California's Coastal Conservancy into constructing three full-size freshwater marsh ponds, so that a full-size wetlands would be ready by 1981, when the pilot project proved them right. And it worked. The combined marsh and disposal plant finally opened in 1985, costing $3 million less than Arcata's share of the megasystem's original budget. "We declared victory and withdrew from the war," recalls Hauser. Since wars require monuments, the sanctuary has ponds named Hauser, Allen and Gearheart. A saltwater slough where pelicans and cormorants gather is called Klopp Lake. Mount Trashmore...