Word: coded
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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American companies operating under the Sullivan Code have also pressured the South African government into Labor reforms. The government's 1979 Wiehahn Commission on Labor Legislation recommended the breakdown of apartheid in the work place because ethical codes like the Sullivan Principles meant that "current practice is no longer in line with legislation." As a result, this could "only create an embarassing situation for South Africa...
...final way in which American companies are able to further change in South Africa is by their influence on South African firms. A spokesman for the South African company Barlow-Rand attributed his companies policy of desegregated work places to the impetus provided by the Sullivan Code. Union-Carbide persuaded a South African partner to back down on its refusal to recognize a Black union until the union joined an Industrial Council. In addition, the educational and social programs undertaken by American firms have inspired similar efforts on the part of South African companies who fear losing the competive edge...
...Churchill said to Parliament in 1940, "Germany is to gain one set of advantages by breaking all the (neutrality) rules (upon the seas) . . . and then go on and gain another set of advantages through insisting, whenever it suits her, upon the strictest interpretation of the international code she has torn to pieces." He added, "It is not at all odd that His Majesty's government are getting rather tired of it. I am getting rather tired of it myself...
...this regard, Andropov's brief tenure may have provided a hint of what the West can expect from Gorbachev. Andropov's ascendance, too, occasioned high hopes in the West. The code words of wishful thinking were the same: moderate, pragmatist, technocrat, sophisticate. Within a day of his selection, there was talk of an Andropov era, a phrase that suggested a clean and welcome break with the past. His style seemed fresh and that, it was assumed, connoted a change in the content of Soviet policy. Here was a Soviet leader who would be comfortable and stimulating on the Georgetown cocktail...
...past three years it was more than enough to prompt the concern that it had happened again--a Soviet leader had died. The suspicion was all but confirmed when regularly scheduled broadcasts during the following six hours were replaced by nature films and classical music. Having mastered the macabre code used to signal the death of Leonid Brezhnev in November 1982 and that of his successor Yuri Andropov only 15 months later, millions of Soviet citizens were fully prepared for the announcement, which was finally broadcast simultaneously on radio and television at 2 p.m.: "Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, General Secretary...