Word: coded
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...began nine months ago, when RCA Records executive Michael Omansky approached Phone Programs about publicizing D.J. Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince, a new rap duo. AT&T provided the necessary 900 area-code number. The result was an immediate hit. Spurred on by a TV ad campaign, some 2.5 million rapsters have rung up Jazzy Jeff and friend since the debut of their two- minute talkfest last June. The cost: $2 for the first minute, 45 cents a minute thereafter. Other hot lines soon followed. Now word of Phone Programs' success has got around. "People from every walk...
...monumental effort that could rival in scope both the Manhattan Project, which created the A-bomb, and the Apollo moon-landing program -- and may exceed them in importance. The goal: to map the human genome and spell out for the world the entire message hidden in its chemical code...
Even more remarkable, each of the four bases represents a letter in the genetic code. The three-letter "words" they spell, reading in sequence along either side of the ladder, are instructions to the cell on how to assemble amino acids into the proteins essential to the structure and life of its host. Each complete DNA "sentence" is a gene, a discrete segment of the DNA string responsible for ordering the production of a specific protein...
...genes that populate the genome, just 4,550 have been identified. And only 1,500 of those have been roughly located on the various chromosomes. The message of the genes has been equally difficult to come by. Most genes consist of between 10,000 and 150,000 code letters, and only a few genes have been completely deciphered. Long segments of the genome, like the vast uncharted regions of early maps, remain terra incognita...
...complicate matters, between the segments of DNA that represent genes are endless stretches of code letters that seem to spell out only genetic gibberish. Geneticists once thought most of the unintelligible stuff was "junk DNA" -- useless sequences of code letters that accidentally developed during evolution and were not discarded. That concept has changed. "My feeling is there's a lot of very useful information buried in the sequence," says Nobel laureate Paul Berg of Stanford University. "Some of it we will know how to interpret; some we know is going to be gibberish...