Word: coded
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...molecule sits in the auditorium lobby, and a DNA rendering hangs from the wall behind Watson's desk. The laboratory's lofty bell tower is not exempt. Each of its four sides is labeled with a letter representing one of the four nucleotides that constitute DNA's code letters: A, T, C and G. And visible through arches in each of the tower sides is a central staircase -- spiral, of course. As an added touch, Watson and several of his guests who had investigated DNA's handmaiden, RNA, in the later 1950s wore their RNA Tie Club ties, each bearing...
...also very much on the minds of the scheduled speakers as they described the events flowing from the Nobel-prizewinning Watson-Crick discovery. In the four decades since, scientists, building on their knowledge of DNA's structure, cracked the genetic code, described the machinery of the living cell, identified and located specific genes and learned to transfer them from one organism to another. Their work has already transformed biology, created the biotech industry and new pharmaceuticals, is beginning to affect business, industry, agriculture and food processing, and promises to change drastically the way medicine is practiced. "In five years...
...Bernadine Healy, the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The ambitious project, which Watson helped persuade Congress to fund, has as its goal the discovery and mapping of all the estimated 100,000 human genes and the sequencing, or arranging in order, of all 3 billion chemical code letters in the human genome, the long strands of DNA that make up the chromosomes in the nucleus of each* of the body's 10 trillion cells...
Individual journalists may have highly developed ethical sensibilities. But journalism as a whole, unlike law or medicine, has no licensing procedure, no disciplinary panels, no agreed-upon code of behavior. Practices that are perfectly acceptable to some major news-gathering institutions -- such as going undercover to expose wrongdoing -- are forbidden at others. At most places, no sin is automatically a firing offense. Editors insist on treating each case individually, which usually translates into permissively. Says USA Today editor Peter Prichard: "It depends on the circumstances, the individual case, the history, all sorts of things...
Even at news outlets with an internal code of conduct -- such as NBC, where the document runs to 50 pages, or ABC, where it is about 75 -- the rules are commonly described by managers as mere guidelines. Says Richard Wald, who has held senior news posts at both networks: "That's why we don't have a list of firing offenses. Ethics is not laid down in tablets -- it is judgments made over years, and some points are susceptible to change...