Word: coding
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Ever since the fall of Abe Fortas, critics of the Supreme Court have been urging Congress to impose a stiffer code of financial ethics on judges. Last week, at the urging of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Judicial Conference of the U.S., composed of 25 leading federal judges, beat Congress to the punch by adopting a tough code...
Warren's main objective in rushing adoption of the code was to protect the independence of the U.S. judiciary. Two bills now before Congress would require judges to make financial reports available to the House Judiciary Committee or to the Comptroller General, whose office is controlled by Congress. Until recently, the judges were able to resist such a requirement by noting that neither the executive nor the congressional branch of government required such disclosure from its members. But Congress last year enacted its own code of ethics-however weak-and the judges could no longer complain that they were...
...inferior brand of justice. At courts-martial, he pointed out, enlisted men are tried by a panel that is usually composed of officers, who reach their verdict by a two-thirds vote, instead of by a jury of their peers whose verdict must nearly always be unanimous. The Uniform Code of Military Justice, Douglas noted, continues to be primarily an instrument of discipline and not justice. He indicted the system as "marked by the age-old manifest destiny of retributive justice" and as "singularly inept in dealing with the nice subtleties of constitutional...
Anticipating a full-blown judicial-ethics hearing on Capitol Hill, which might further denigrate the court, Chief Justice Earl Warren had called for the Judicial Conference of the U.S. to formulate a code of ethics and require disclosure of all federal judges' financial affairs. But Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield was not satisfied. He said that he would use the Fortas and Douglas affairs to press for an identical code of conduct for all three branches of the Government...
That is not to say that Morrow does not provide some local twists in his administration of justice. "In this culture," he says, "the criminal code of Canada does not always apply." Eskimo custom, for example, long tolerated blood-feud killings and also executions, which occurred when a village informally but solemnly decided that a particular individual was a threat to the public good. When Morrow is occasionally faced with such crimes, he makes no attempt to excuse the acts, but his sentences are usually light...