Word: coli
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...extracted in minute quantities by highly complex processes from vats in which countless billions of colon bacteria, Escherichia coli, have been grown...
...isolate the represser, Biophysicist Walter Gilbert and Biochemist Benno Muller-Hill decided to work with a species of simple bacteria called Escherichia coli, which have a healthy appetite for lactose, a sugar found in milk. The scientists knew that when lactose was available, the bacteria cells produced an enzyme that broke the sugar down into two simpler sugars that the cells could use. When only other nutrients were present, however, the amount of this enzyme was drastically reduced; a repressor apparently turned off the gene that controlled its production...
...discoveries, says Biophysicist Gilbert, confirm that cells of E. coli are controlled by gene-repressing agents and effectively demonstrate how simple cell mechanisms work. They may bring closer the day when scientists will be capable of genetic control of human beings, determining their characteristics and correcting metabolic defects by turning the proper genes...
...were a special breed, exposed to enemy fire for only an hour or two at a stretch and not every day at that, Dr. Bourne wanted to study the reactions of ground forces in constant danger and therefore under continuing stress. To do this, he and Technician William M. Coli joined a Green Beret detachment of two officers and ten enlisted men stationed at Due Co, southwest of Pleiku and only a few miles from the Ho Chi Minh trail. The Green Berets had good reason to be edgy. The study began during the dark of the moon. The monsoon...
...asparaginase is its scarcity. If all Texas were turned into a giant guinea-pig farm, the yield would suffice for only a few patients. The break came in 1963, when researchers at the University of Delaware described an immensely complicated process for extracting the enzyme from colon bacilli, Escherichia coli. These bacteria were already being grown in vats to provide other substances used by biochemists, and New Jersey's Worthington Biochemical Corp, set about extracting L-asparaginase from them. It takes pounds of the microscopic bacteria, and would cost close to $15,000, to produce enough L-asparaginase...