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Word: coli (lookup in dictionary) (lookup stats)
Dates: during 1970-1979
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...species boundary: the transfer simply becomes less efficient the greater the evolutionary separation between the donor and the recipient. Prokaryotes therefore have no true species: they have an almost continuous spectrum of genetic patterns, and the borders between what we call bacterial species are arbitrary and often controversial. E. coli, for example, is the name given to a range of strains with certain common features but also with a variety of differences, and these differences determine their relative Darwinian fitness for various environments. This elementary concept was entirely missing from Cavaliere's discussion of the hazards of inserting genes...

Author: By Bernard D. Davis, | Title: Darwin, Pasteur and the Andromeda Strain | 2/2/1977 | See Source »

...Bacterial Ecology. Every living species is adapted to a given range of habitats. The set of bacterial strains called E. coli thrive only in the vertebrate gut, and because these cells die out rather quickly in water the E. coli count of a pond or a well is a reliable index of its continuing fecal contamination. In the gut there is intense Darwinian competition between strains, depending on such variables as growth rate, growth requirements, ability to scavenge traces of food, adherence to the gut linings and resistance to antimicrobial factors in the host. Hence most novel strains are quickly...

Author: By Bernard D. Davis, | Title: Darwin, Pasteur and the Andromeda Strain | 2/2/1977 | See Source »

This effect of the environment in the gut on the normal flora is readily recognized. For example, when breast feeding is replaced by solid food the character of the stool changes dramatically, as lactic acid bacteria (which produce sweet-smelling products) are replaced by E. coli and other foul organisms. Early in this century Mechnikov romantically hoped to promote longevity by supplying lactic acid bacteria, in the form of yogurt, to displace the presumably toxic foul organisms. The experiments were a dismal failure, but the commerical success is still seen...

Author: By Bernard D. Davis, | Title: Darwin, Pasteur and the Andromeda Strain | 2/2/1977 | See Source »

...host-vector systems refer to Eschirichia coli, a strain of bacteria that rarely survives outside the lab, which can be used as a host bacteria for recombinant DNA experiments...

Author: By Joseph Dalton, | Title: DNA, Eventually | 1/7/1977 | See Source »

...added the EK-2 stricture was originally proposed in a University of Michigan study that recommended the use of Eschirichia coli at all lab levels, from p-1 to p-4. It was limited by Michigan regents to p-3 and p-4 levels to save money, Hayes said...

Author: By Joseph Dalton, | Title: DNA, Eventually | 1/7/1977 | See Source »

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