Word: collectivistic
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Around 1920 the quest for an ultimate style that would correspond to social revolution and human self-improvement was one of the great issues of avant-garde art, the hope of the constructivist Internationale. And it became so for two main reasons: the growth of Utopian collectivist thought (mainly, but not only, Marxist) and the recoil from the horrors of World War I. "The period of destruction is totally finished," announced a De Stijl maniesto in 1923. "A new period begins: that of construction." It is a younger version of he sentiment hauntingly expressed in Dryden's Secular Masque...
...Deal. The Brain Trust, composed of Rexford Tugwell, Raymond Moley and Adolf Berle,posed attacking the Depression with big Government and monopolistic enterprises. This ran contrary to the Brandeis )ias against a strong central Government, Big Business in general, and many of the New Deal's collectivist approaches. "Bigness is always badness," became his familiar refrain. At one point, he threatened "to hold the Government control legislation unconstitutional from now on," unless the Administration reversed the Big Business trend in industry and agriculture. Eventually he recanted, but his threat was taken seriously in the White House...
...Collectivist systems have failed to achieve their professed ideals. Pure Communist societies, from 19th century Utopian communities like New Harmony, in Indiana, to the hippie communes of the late 1960s, have struggled with the reality of individual self-interest. Sixty years of Soviet efforts to make workers more productive and innovative through slogans, medals, bonuses and threats have not overcome the basic problems of the U.S.S.R.'s inefficient agriculture and erratic industry. Bertolt Brecht, the Marxist German dramatist, said sardonically after the 1953 workers' riots in East Berlin that in view of the system's problems with its subjects...