Word: colombia
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Tornillo v. Miami Herald [April 29]: I am amazed that the basic right to reply in case of offensive or inaccurate newspaper reports is being questioned in the U.S. In Colombia, a 1944 law gives all citizens (not only political candidates) the right to have a reply published within three days. If the paper does not comply, the citizen may resort to a special judicial procedure in which the judge decides in 48 hours...
Medellin, Colombia...
...greatest collection of such pre-Hispanic gold as survived the ravages of conquistador and tomb robber belongs to Bogotá's Museo del Oro. In an effort to stem the flow of these exquisitely wrought masks, figurines, pectorals and pins out of Colombia and into foreign collections, the museum-underwritten by the national Banco de la República-has preserved some 20,000 pieces, dating from the end of the 1st millennium onward, since it began collecting 35 years ago. Two hundred of these are now on view, through July 28, at the Center for Inter-American Relations...
...echo the sweep of the gold blade beneath his feet. The sharpness of execution - perfect corrugated threads lying in their parallel curves, the sense of exacting formal detail at every part of the design - is formidable. Indeed, the goldworking cultures that flourished in the isolated river valleys of western Colombia from the end of the 1st millennium B.C. - Quimbaya and Tairona, Tolima and Muisca, Narino and Calima - shared, whatever their differences of society and religion, a superb instinct for the vital shape. Whether the object is a heart-shaped Calima pectoral with a fierce mask glaring from the center...
...this is how they were meant to be seen: gold was not a means of exchange in pre-Hispanic Colombia, for its origins were held to be divine. It had not become what John Maynard Keynes called "a barbarous relic." Fort Knox and Tiffany have corrupted our responses to gold in art, but this remarkable show does at least enable one to get some sense of a culture in which the metal was not yet ruined, as a sculptural material, by its role as an economic fetish...