Word: colonizers
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...beat cancer. Instead, experts believe, by throwing a series of monkey wrenches into the cancer cell's machinery, the new therapies could transform cancer from an intractable, frequently lethal illness to a chronic but manageable one akin to diabetes and high blood pressure. Says Dr. Leonard Saltz, a colon-cancer specialist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering: "I don't think we're going to hit home runs, but if we can get a series of line-drive singles going and put enough singles back to back, we can score runs...
...applied for his first grant from the National Cancer Institute in 1983, he was rejected. "Nobody thought it would work," he says. The following year he turned to philanthropic sources for research dollars. Last year he wowed colleagues with a compound called IMC-C225, which proved effective in treating colon tumors in a small number of patients...
...evidently play a role in giving cancer cells unnaturally long lives. The company is in Phase II trials with LDP341, a proteasome-inhibiting substance that is showing promise against multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phase I studies on the top five solid tumors (breast, pancreatic, prostate, lung and colon) are under way, and at this point the inhibitor seems to be working?at least in mice...
...turns out that COX-2 inhibitor drugs also have anticancer effects, reducing the number of precancerous polyps in patients with a hereditary form of colon cancer, perhaps through antiangiogenesis. Scientists are currently studying its effect on noninherited colon cancers. And because the receptor for COX-2 is overexpressed on a range of human cancer types, the hope is that COX-2 inhibitors may be useful in preventing a wider range of cancers, including head and neck, bladder, non-small cell lung and breast cancers...
Researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the U.S. and the Helsinki and Turku Universities in Finland are already trying Glivec on a rare abdominal cancer called GIST (for gastrointestinal stromal tumor). More common malignancies, such as cancers of the breast and colon, arise as a result of several genetic accidents and so are unlikely to respond to Glivec. But at the very least, the drug's preliminary successes have given cancer researchers promising avenues to pursue. And sometimes that...