Word: commissars
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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From the beginning, the new state was built on four interrelated means of control: centralized and absolute authority, bureaucracy, terror and militarism. Lenin's Commissar of War, Leon
...official biographer calls the "struggle against armed underground bands"-meaning the Polish anti-Communist resistance movement. After advanced infantry training and general staff college, Jaruzelski's rise was meteoric. By 1957, he commanded the 12th Motorized Division; in 1960 he was named the army's chief political commissar; in 1968 he became Poland's youngest general...
...military school that Uspensky first ran afoul of authority. In the spring of 1935, he asked a political commissar at the school about some minor disagreements he had with Soviet ideology. "Lenin said that we should pay any price for a communist who takes all dogmas without any thinking or discussion," Uspensky says. "I disagreed with that. I felt that every communist has a right to weigh all the postulates and doubt or disagree up to the point when a decision is taken." Twenty years later, when talking to a government interrogator, Uspensky learned that the party's dossier...
Although the encounter with the political commissar was noted, it was also forgiven. But nine years later the party was not so lenient. In 1944, Uspensky, who had risen quickly in the Soviet Army, took part in a seminar on the post-war tactics of the Communist Party. Although he still considered himself a loyal Bolshevik, he felt that some of the party's actions were incompatible with Communist ideology, and used the opportunity to aim masked criticism at Stalin. "I was clandestine and hoped I could get away with it," Uspensky says. "I said things which are now considered...
...left the show last September for Today, where she will start in January. Rushnell, who took over hi May 1978, brags that he cleared out nearly a third of the show's employees, the malcontents, as he calls them. "Now," he says, sounding like ABC'S commissar in charge, "the staff is 100% committed to support David Hartman and the rest of the family...