Word: communal
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Prosecutor's answer: "Although leaders of the two states are, in different degrees, responsible for agitating or at least for misunderstanding the communal hatred, the appalling fact is that most of the killing was unorganized and spontaneous. In this case, a rare and significant one, the state power was not guilty. As for armaments, the massacres in India and Pakistan were as far removed as possible from modern war or from the gas chambers of Maidanek. The murderers with whom we are dealing used knives, chisels, ropes, hockey sticks, screwdrivers, bricks and slender fingers...
...Gandhi and Nehru and their like, innocently intent upon their lofty goal, ascribed communal strife to British machination, so blinding themselves that, in all good faith, they assumed that once liberty was achieved, communal violence would immediately cease, and brotherhood and British guilt prove themselves thenceforth...
...victories over Napoleon. A century later Kali became a symbol of anti-British Indian nationalism, a place to which Mahatma Gandhi succeeded. That this substitution was only temporary was indicated not only by the killing but by Gandhi's recent loss of popularity among Hindus. Because he preached communal peace, Hindu extremists last week had begun to call him "the Mudathma," meaning "stupid one." †Until about a century ago, the sheep was customary. The cow was a vindictive, communal-minded substitution...
Worse than Death. The venom of communal bitterness had been thickened by the record flare-up of an old frontier practice-the abduction of tens of thousands of women. From one train arriving at Amritsar last week, 150 young girls had been taken. In Bikaner State, an official estimated that Sikhs fleeing there from Pakistan had lost 40 of their women. So grave had woman-stealing become that Pakistan's Prime Minister Lia-quat Ali Khan and India's Jawaharlal Nehru held special discussions about it last week; both Governments agreed to hunt out and return abducted women...
...week's end, having warned Calcuttans that next time he would fast to death if they did not behave, Gandhi turned his pacifying powers to a far more difficult test. He headed for the Punjab, scene of the bloodiest communal killings of all India...