Word: communalism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...American mixture of patriotic fervor and bleary ease, of sunburn and a deeper stirring. The Founders adopted the Declaration of Independence in July and not in February (imagine sending fireworks up in a snowstorm), and so the national birthday is both the nation's most powerful rite of communal identity and merely the lazy and unreflective beginning of high summer...
Last week a force of 80 police officers, accompanied by 50 social workers, raided communal homes of church members and took away 112 children for medical evaluations. Church members charged that the raids were a form of religious persecution and a violation of the constitutional separation of church and state. Vermont officials insisted they were protecting the rights of the children. A state judge, after a closed court proceeding, refused to detain the youngsters. By day's end all the children were on their way home with their parents. A lawyer for some of the parents said that charges...
...giving in totally to Sikh demands, Mrs. Gandhi believed, would have encouraged other Indian communal groups to extremism...
...Gandhi pulled her sari over her mouth and nostrils. She stopped in Bombay and in town after town outside the city, comforting victims and listening to pleas for protection. "This is not the time to blame each other," she said. "This is all so painful. We must live in communal harmony. We must." The statistics of violence, following more than a week of fighting between Hindus and Muslims in the western state of Maharashtra, were stark reminders of how easily India's unity can be shaken. By the latest counts, 216 had died, 756 were injured, 13,000 were...
...people, many of them Hindus, in separate incidents, bringing to more than 200 the number of victims in the northwestern state of Punjab over the past four months. Government officials are concerned because such violence is on the rise. Said a senior civil servant in New Delhi last week: "Communal clashes are almost becoming a form of alternate government in our country, and what makes it worse is that they strike at the heart of true democracy...