Word: commune
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...exactly as he would an enemy's main line of resistance: by ordering forward a human wave to storm and overwhelm it. He conceded that the farms desperately needed chemical fertilizer, machines of all sorts and skilled labor. His solution: let the farmers do it themselves through the commune system...
Other economic quarrels reflect deeper ideological differences, though to many Westerners they may sound far less "real." Khrushchev told visiting Senator Hubert Humphrey that the Chinese-cherished farming communes were "oldfashioned and reactionary." Not until after December 1958, when the Chinese "modified" the commune system, did the Russians agree to help the Reds build 78 new industrial projects. Today, Red China owes Russia more than $300 million on last year's trade pact alone, and depends on Moscow for half its oil, machine parts and heavy industrial equipment...
...surrounded by a high board fence; in the evenings, music blared inexplicably from loudspeakers on the lawn. He never entertained, made the postman put the mail through a slit in the fence. Until he retired five years ago, Kuznetsov worked as a valenki (felt boots) maker in a commune, dutifully handed in his monthly norm of 15 pairs of valenki per month. For some reason, he insisted on doing all his work at home...
...first commune was formed in April 1958 by the merciless amalgamation of 10,000 families from 27 smaller collective farms in Honan province. Tough young cadres divided men and women into "production brigades." Members turned all their private property over to the state...
...April of 1959, a secret meeting of the Communist Central Committee decided to shift the focus away from the commune and concentrate on small, village-size "operation squads," each squad with its own mess hall, nurseries and private plots of land. Further retreat came in August of 1959, when the village "production brigade" became, in theory, the basic unit, and commune members were allowed to keep such possessions as houses, clothing, bicycles, blankets and radios. Parents could even decide for themselves whether they wanted their children to be sent off to boarding schools and communal nurseries...