Word: communisme
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Soviet Party Boss Leonid Brezhnev and his coruler, Premier Aleksei Kosygin, obviously decided that the summit, for all its perils, was worth the gamble. In the complicated mystique of Communism, the right of the Soviet leaders to rule, in their empire and at home, is intimately linked to their ability to command the obedience and fealty of Communists abroad...
Their legitimacy derives from their role as custodians of the Communist faith. One important measure of their stewardship is the maintenance of Moscow's primacy as the leader of world Communism. The Soviet leaders need a successful conference to prove to their own people that they are indeed the legitimate heirs of Lenin. "To justify one-party rule," says Kremlinologist Victor Zorza, "you must have an international sanction." The Soviet leaders also need the international endorsement to reassert their primacy within Eastern Europe. For all these reasons, Leo Labedz, editor of Survey, a London quarterly on Communist affairs, calls...
...Union, crashed into Czechoslovakia. Russia only outraged the majority of foreign Communists by stamping out a liberal experiment with which they sympathized and one that could have helped them win votes in the free world. At the same time, Russia once again ground under the tank treads one of Communism's dearest dogmas: Socialism brings everlasting peace among Socialist nations...
...China and Czechoslovakia were the real issues at the conference. On both, the Russians had tried to cover their positions in ad vance. Moscow propagandists a month ago performed their own unilateral ex communication of China by pronouncing that Mao's party now had "nothing in common with international Communism" and was merely the apparatus of a "military clique" ruling China and masquerading as Communists. Since the shooting on the Ussuri River last March, the Russians have been trying to enlist the sympathy of foreign parties and the world by saying that Russia is not only defending its Far Eastern...
...Socialist content." It sounded as if the Soviets had decided after all to press on with their original plans to excommunicate the Chinese from the movement. But such a move was certain to lead in the conference to heated debates and perhaps even walkouts and further divisions within world Communism...