Word: communisme
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Reassuring Words. While the Soviets were trying to create at least a modicum of government over the recalcitrant Czechoslovaks, the destiny of the nation's reformist vision of Communism was being debated behind closed doors in both Prague and Moscow. Dubcek and Cernik were flown off to Moscow in a Soviet military jet. The Czechoslovaks at first broadcast reports that Dubcek had been killed, but that was cleared up in one of the many weird, almost unreal vignettes of the week. Dubcek's mother marched in to see the local Soviet commander in Bratislava, demanding to know what the Russians...
...later prove fatal to the system that they had so carefully constructed since World War II. Freedom of speech and of the press, the right of free assembly, criticism both from within the party and political clubs outside it-all threatened to un dermine and eventually destroy Eastern European Communism. Poland, Hungary, East Germany were all susceptible to the Czechoslovak ex ample and in danger of eventually going their own ways...
...well aware that the world was certain to cry shame, and in the full knowledge that it would destroy any chance of the conference of Communist parties scheduled for this winter. In that conference, Moscow had hoped to demonstrate once and for all to Peking its leadership of world Communism...
...Communist parties, only ten endorsed the Soviet action, and many of those were Eastern European countries within range of Soviet tanks. Never in the 100-year history of the international Communist movement had a single act so stunned, dismayed and divided the followers of Marx and Lenin. "Communism as an instrument of Soviet foreign policy is dead," said a former European Ambassador to Moscow. New Left Phi losopher Herbert Marcuse spoke for many sympathizers of Leninism when he called the Russian invasion "the most tragic event of the postwar...
...them off. Even so, the pressure for change built up. Art, especially literature and film making, experienced an underground renaissance. Artists and students demanded freedom of expression. Industrial planners and economists asked for freer and more effective ways of doing business. Last January, the new forces surging within Czechoslovak Communism culminated in the person of Alexander Dubcek, who ousted Novotny from power and instituted a series of liberal reforms. For eight memorable months, Czechoslovakia was one of the most exciting and hopeful places in the world...