Word: communisme
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While America gave Rhinoceros its warmest reception anywhere, critics and audiences seemed to misunderstand it as light comedy. To Ionesco, it was a brutal metaphor for what happened in Romania under fascism and communism. In a journal dated "around 1940," he wrote, "The police are rhinoceroses. The judges are rhinoceroses. You are the only man among the rhinoceroses. The rhinoceroses wonder how the world could have been led by men. You yourself wonder: Is it true that the world was led by men?" The horror behind this question never left. Ionesco's jokes were those of nearly all the 20th...
There were actually sound business reasons for the rise of derivatives, which first became popular in the 1980s. Money was moving around the globe like never before. The demise of communism in Europe expanded markets for American investors in countries such as Russia, Hungary and Poland. On the other side of the world, China lurched toward free enterprise. At the same time came the liberalization of economic policies in Latin America from Chile to Mexico and the rapid growth of the newly industrialized countries of Asia's Pacific Rim. The world was suddenly ravenous for American capital...
...visit to the war museum in Saigon, where the propaganda about American atrocities is ham-handed and offensive, and where G.I. gear is sold at souvenir stands. A great deal of history stands between the U.S. and Vietnam, as between the U.S. and China. Ideology stands between us too. Communism is dead in both China and Vietnam, but authoritarianism thrives...
...Berlin Wall on the nights that thousands of people gathered on either side to celebrate its fall. The Whitney retrospective ends with the pictures he made there. Strobe-lit crowd shots full of wild spirits, they hint that freedom has its demented side and that the end of communism might unleash new terrors of its own. Are those pictures pure reporting, or are they artifice? And is this the right line of inquiry? Perhaps instead of worrying about where Avedon falls on the continuum between death and Dovima, we should recognize that his pictures are distillations from a world where...
...Vrioni castles have been destroyed; the Vrioni attitude has not. When the iron curtain cracked in Albania, the last bastion of communism in Eastern Europe, Holta Vrioni acted. "What motivated me was the suffering and the persecution that my family has seen all these years," she remembers. "I had this opportunity, coming from a well-educated family. I would see the difference between the East and the West of Europe. That made me angry because of the reality I was living...