Word: communisme
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...world outside the Catholic Church, John Paul II is best remembered for his epic role in helping bring down Polish communism at the same time as ensuring a soft landing. But inside the Church his own rule will be remembered as nothing if not authoritarian. John Paul II reasserted, and even amplified the doctrine of "Papal infallibility," and beatified its author, Pope Pius IX. If Vatican II had opened up a conversation between the Bishops and the Vatican, John Paul II closed down the tradition of "collegiality" among the Bishops - which naturally presupposed and even encouraged a diversity of views...
...later years, Kazan was one of those. He was never forgiven for identifying himself and a few old friends as onetime communists before the House UnAmerican Activities Committee. Tributes to the old lion were booed, boycotted, canceled. His enemies forgot that even belated opposition to Soviet communism at its most rapacious could be an act of principle as well as expediency--and that an artist's most telling testimony is his work. By that standard, Kazan was an admirable American original. --By Richard Corliss
...Czech daily Mlada fronta Dnes last November. "I sleep well and don't think that I did anything wrong." But Jaromír Jindrich, the lead Czech prosecutor in the case, says Kozeny took advantage of the "naiveté and inexperience" of the Czech people after the fall of communism. "At that time anybody or anything coming from the West was looked up to without question." The Czech Republic has no extradition treaty with the Bahamas, but the U.S. does...
...Joseph Stalin invent modern marketing? That's the thesis of a new show at Frankfurt's Schirn Kunsthalle, which argues that the techniques the dictator used to promote communism in the 1930s presage those now used to sell products throughout the free world. Long before the creative directors of Western ad agencies and shortly before Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, Stalin understood how to use images to mold public opinion. "It was mass marketing," says Boris Groys, co-curator of Dream Factory Communism - the Visual Culture of the Stalin Era, at the Schirn through early January. "The difference was that...
...Czech sculptor Kurt Gebauer found communism so oppressive that he withdrew to an isolated hilltop house near Prague and in 1973 declared it his own state - complete with its own anthem. "State Gebauer" became an "island of free expression" populated with whimsical figures of swimmers, gnomes and cows. And being a largely abstract concept, the sculptor's retreat escaped the attention of the authorities. Many unofficial artists working behind the Iron Curtain created private cocoons where they could work unhindered, though this meant their work was rarely seen. Now a new museum in Prague seeks to rescue them from obscurity...