Word: communisms
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...fanatically, denounced one another as revisionists or worse. But Bertell Ollman, a professor at New York University and an avowed Marxist, observes that "Marx had very little to say of a concrete nature about socialism," the transitional society that would follow the revolution Marx preached. (In strict Marxist terminology, "Communism" is the ideal stateless society to be reached as an ultimate goal.) The only way to get a definitive opinion on the features of Marxist socialism, says Harry Harding, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, would be "to bring Karl back to speak for himself...
...matters of economic organization, however, even Lenin was a backslider of sorts. In 1921, when his "war Communism" stirred dangerously strong opposition, he shifted to the New Economic Policy, which sounds almost like a preview of Deng's reforms. Under the N.E.P., the new Soviet state owned and operated only what Lenin called the "commanding heights" of the economy, that is, the basic industries. Peasants could grow and sell privately what they wished after paying a tax in produce to the state; small-scale private enterprise was permitted; foreign capital was invited...
...fashionable neighborhood of Zugliget, overlooking downtown Budapest, the drabness of Communism seems a world away. Sleek, modern villas nestle beside Italianate mansions along the quiet, winding streets. Well-coiffed women in fur coats promenade upon the snow-dusted sidewalks. The district that housed many of Hungary's pre war magnates now shelters a different breed of plutocrat: the entrepreneurs who have prospered under the country's unique brand of "goulash Communism...
...heart of Yugoslavia's brand of Communism is "workers' self-management," Tito's notion that the means of economic production should belong directly to workers, rather than to the state. The Yugoslav system now depends on Basic Organizations of Associated Labor, which are, in theory, voluntary groups of workers who make any type of product...
...Yugoslav Communism has been plagued by a Balkan variant of Murphy's Law ("if anything can go wrong, it will"). Local empire building is rampant, a practice that is amplified by Yugoslavia's strongly regional nature. The polyglot nation consists of six republics and two autonomous provinces, meaning that in each area regional bureaucrats have competing, equally wasteful strategies...