Word: communist
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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With Kiszczak preparing to bow out, the Solidarity leadership circulated a statement to Peasants' and Democratic Deputies calling on them to join in "a government of national responsibility under the leadership of Lech Walesa." That same night Solidarity legislators and members of the two junior partners in the Communist alliance met. Said Walesa: "I want to help the reform wings of the Peasants' Party and the Democratic Party to get into government and answer the call of the times...
Although virtually everyone in Poland recognizes the need for economic reforms, the country lacks the money, and has failed so far to demonstrate the political will, to make them. Old factories and unproductive coal mines must be closed, meaning the loss of thousands of jobs. The Communist-dominated bureaucracy and army need to be cut back. Most problematical of all, as Mazowiecki said, living conditions will have to get even worse if they are ever to get better...
...Czechoslovakia, East Germany and Rumania, Solidarity's accession is likely to convince the Old Guard Communist regimes that any concessions to reform could lead to similar disaster for the ruling party. In Prague authorities were girding for the 21st anniversary this week of the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion that ended the country's brief liberalization -- an intervention that Poland's Sejm last week condemned. Said a Western diplomat in Budapest last week: "The hard-liners will point to Poland and say, 'That's where you finish up if you let the opposition get a foot in the door.' " In Hungary...
...important, says an old friend, Adam Bromke, "he is a man who has the courage to say what is unpopular." Born in the central Polish town of Plock, Mazowiecki (pronounced Mah-zoh-vyet-skee), 62, is a devout Roman Catholic with strong ties to church activists who oppose Communist ideology. A close adviser to Lech Walesa, Mazowiecki helped form the union in 1980 and was jailed for a year after the government crackdown in 1981. Trained as a lawyer, he is editor of the union weekly, Tygodnik Solidarnosc, and was a key negotiator in the round-table talks that...
...Soviet inaction appeared to sound the death knell for a policy that took shape under Leonid Brezhnev. After the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the Soviet Union proclaimed that socialist countries had the right to invade a fellow socialist nation whenever the Communist political monopoly was threatened. The so-called Brezhnev Doctrine justified the tanks rolling into Prague and, by extension, Nikita Khrushchev's intervention in Hungary in 1956. But last December, Gorbachev announced that the "use or threat of force no longer can or must be an instrument of foreign policy...