Word: communistes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Sinkiang. One main pass through the Tien Shan range is called the Dzungarian Gates, named after the Dsongars who formed the left flank of the Mongolian army of old. Historically the Gates have been the passageway for Mid-Asian traffic between Russia and China. Last week the two Communist giants reported that their troops had engaged in an armed clash at the Dzungarian Gates-the latest, and potentially most dangerous, of a series of border battles between Soviet and Chinese soldiers this year...
Propaganda Beamed. Both Russia and China could have figured to gain something from staging the clash. The Russians were quick to accuse the Chinese of "trying to poison the good atmosphere" of the Communist summit in Moscow. Peking might hope to show up Moscow as the aggressor before the world's other Communists. Clearly disturbed by the incident, Russia hastily summoned several of its ambassadors to Asian countries back to Moscow for consultations...
Unless the delegates slept through the speeches, the world summit meeting of Communist parties was a daily grind. Whisked from their hotels and guest villas in black Chaikas and Volgas whose windshields bore special green-and-white passes, the Communist leaders-some 300 from 75 parties-were deposited at the Kremlin before 10 a.m. each morning. After four hours of eloquence, the delegates had a two-hour break. Most of them dined on caviar and cold cuts in the first-floor dining room of the Great Kremlin Palace. In a pointed show of conviviality, Soviet Party Boss Leonid Brezhnev, Premier...
Italian Independence. As the proceedings entered the second week, the Soviet hosts seemed more willing to let everyone have his say. Hoping to avoid any further fissures in the already fragmented Communist world, the Soviets also backed off somewhat from their earlier determination to wrest from the delegates an endorsement of the Russian stand against China and approval of the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia. Compared with previous Communist conferences, Moscow '69 was relatively open and candid. Pravda ran excerpts from the speeches, including those unfavorable to the Soviet viewpoint. There were daily briefings for correspondents. A Soviet...
Stating his case in a low-toned manner, Italy's Deputy Party Chief Enrico Berlinguer expounded the independent views of the largest Communist party outside the Soviet bloc. Departing from the Soviet line on every major point, Berlinguer stressed Italian opposition to any move toward an "excommunication" of the Chinese, reiterated his party's grave disapproval of the Czechoslovak occupation, and called for the independence of every party. Shrugging off Soviet claims of pre-eminence in the Communist movement, Berlinguer declared: "We reject the thesis that a single model of socialist society suitable for all situations can exist...