Word: communistically
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Gorbachev, Deng and the heads of almost every Marxist country face the same fundamental problem. In a 1984 interview with the Italian Communist daily L'Unità, Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, phrased it this way: "Since the October Revolution [of 1917, which enthroned Soviet Marxism], more than 60 years have passed. How is it that many socialist countries have not been able to overtake capitalist ones in terms of development? What was it that did not work...
...least a system that can cooperate with real, full-blown capitalism to a greater degree than any other in the Communist world. In the centuries-old Chinese debate between those who are eager to learn from the more modern world outside and those who shun it, Mao came down completely on the side of xenophobia and cut China off almost totally from foreign goods, money and culture. Deng has opened the country to imports of everything from machinery to the ubiquitous tape recorders and portable stereos. He has proclaimed an "open-door policy" toward foreign investment--unperturbed by the reminiscences...
...liberate the productive energies of the individual, a daring concept not just for a Marxist but for a Chinese (the concept of individualism has a negative connotation in Chinese society). He began, appropriately, with agriculture, which had been collectivized by Mao to a degree extreme even for the Communist world. The land was worked by communes that grew what the state directed and turned over all food produced to the state for distribution. Pay was based on a system of "work points" that bore little relation to production: a peasant would accumulate a certain number of work points for planting...
...Some entrepreneurs have even opened services in major cities to recruit maids and other household help for busy urban families. Businessmen can hire workers privately, a practice that conventional Marxists regard as inherently exploitative. Legally, no private entrepreneur is supposed to employ more than 15 hired hands, but local Communist Party officials often ignore that limit...
...inflation: in some cities, food prices jumped 35% in early 1985. The blow was softened by a continuation of wage increases begun immediately after Mao's death. Nonetheless the price boosts stirred widespread grumbling, particularly among older Chinese who retain bitter memories of the hyper-inflation that preceded the Communist takeover...