Word: compelled
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...decision was not a surprise. In a 1984 case involving the Jaycees and in a 1987 ruling involving the Rotary International, the Justices unanimously decided that states could use laws that ban discrimination in public accommodations to compel some private organizations to admit women. Similarly, the New York ordinance was written to apply to private clubs that are in some respects public. To be affected, they must have more than 400 members and regularly serve meals and obtain revenues from nonmembers "for the furtherance of trade or business." Four of the city's most prestigious men's clubs meet those...
...increase their stagnating Jewish population, have been agonizing over this "dropout" problem for years, and last week they took drastic action to resolve it. The Israeli Cabinet voted 16 to 2 to force Jewish emigres to leave the Soviet Union by way of Bucharest, where officials have agreed to compel them to proceed directly to Israel and nowhere else. Soviet Jews currently emigrate by way of Vienna, where they have the option of changing their destination. More than three-quarters proceed to America...
...committed the original sin of gardening, thinking I could impose my own will on my garden, thinking I could compel roses to grow in the shadows of oak trees. Believe me, you might more usefully invest your time in making water run uphill. Since I loved my oak trees and my roses equally -- and since only a large saw could give the roses their place in the sun -- I decided to let nature take its course, which is a political act. Charles de Gaulle once said that the secret of political success is to foresee what is going to happen...
Meanwhile, one solution to the legal-aid crisis being debated more frequently is mandatory pro bono, a system by which courts, legislatures or bar associations would compel attorneys to donate their time, sometimes with the option of paying a fee to be excused. Programs of that kind have been imposed by courts in a number of areas around the country, including Westchester County, N.Y., and El Paso, as well as at least four local bar groups. Legislatures in Oregon and Washington have also looked into it, though with no action...
...Hand-held people meters for the members to rate the moving speeches of their peers. The meters could double as electrical prods to help Council Chairman Evan J. Mandery '89 tame wild debates. Or they could serve as magnets, to compel delinquent members to attend meetings they are missing...