Word: computerizes
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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The computer at the University of Illinois is simulating something that no one saw: the evolution of the universe in the aftermath of the Big Bang. Re- creating conditions that may have prevailed billions of years ago, the computer reveals on a remote screen how massive clouds of subatomic particles...
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, another computer is struggling to learn what any three-year-old child already knows: the difference between a cup and a saucer. What the youngster sees at a glance, the computer must be taught, painstakingly, one step at a time. First it must comprehend...
These experiments illustrate the paradox at the heart of today's computer science. The most powerful computing machines -- giant number crunchers possessed of speed and storage capacities beyond human comprehension -- are essentially dumb brutes with no more intellectual depth than a light bulb. At the other extreme are computers that...
For 40 years scientists have labored to make headway at these two frontiers of computer research. One group, working with the lightning-fast machines known as supercomputers, is always pushing for more raw power, more blazing speed. The other group, writing programs that show the rudiments of artificial intelligence, explores...
But there are signs that the two broad avenues of computer research may be starting to converge, that today's most advanced machines may someday evolve into electronic brains that are not just incredibly fast but smart as well. The quest has been taken up by almost every major nation...