Word: conceptions
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...long time coming, but an ethnic rainbow is finally sweeping across the fashion and advertising industries -- and brightening them considerably. The blond, blue-eyed ideal is out, diversity is in, and the concept of beauty is growing as wide as the world. The new cast of faces is appearing not only in ads aimed at specific ethnic groups but in mainstream advertising as well. Revlon's Most Unforgettable Woman of 1989, chosen in a search across the U.S., is Mary Xinh Nguyen, a 20-year-old Vietnamese American from California. Such companies as Du Pont, Citibank and Delta Air Lines...
...American invention and found practical uses for it. Suddenly the term fuzzy and products based on principles of fuzzy logic seem to be everywhere in Japan: in television documentaries, in corporate magazine ads and in novel electronic gadgets ranging from computer-controlled air conditioners to golf-swing analyzers. The concept of fuzziness has struck a cultural chord in a society whose religions and philosophies are attuned to ambiguity and contradiction. Says Noboru Wakami, a senior researcher at Matsushita: "It's like soy sauce and sushi -- a perfect match...
What is fuzzy logic? The original concept, developed in the mid-'60s by Lofti Zadeh, a Russian-born professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, is that things in the real world do not fall into the neat, crisp categories defined by traditional set theory, like the set of even numbers or the set of left-handed baseball players. In standard Aristotelian logic, as in computer science, membership in a class or set is not a matter of degree. Either a number is even, or it is not. But this on-or-off, black-or- white...
...this country hopes to adequately combat racism and the resulting inequality, the first step inevitably must be a new agenda. As the Bush administration sends out the signal that civil rights have not suffered as severe a setback as the flag, the concept of African American self-education, coupled with vigorous dialogue with the general population, will have to figure more prominently in the decade to come...
...best-known propagator of the theory that history has an "end," meaning its fulfillment in an ideal political system, was Karl Marx. He believed the contradictions of all previous societies would be resolved by the emergence of a Communist utopia. Marx borrowed his concept from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who argued that history would culminate, as Fukuyama puts it, at a moment "in which a final, rational form of society and state became victorious...