Word: confucian
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...both societies, ideological dilemmas have accompanied the structural earthquakes. Traditional Vietnam enshrined the harmonious order of the local, autonomous village placed snugly in the context of the ritualistic Confucian state. The traditional Vietnamese lived in a meticulously ordered moral universe, conscious of their rights and obligations regarding family, village and the Confucian court...
...traditional Vietnam crumbled under the stresses of colonialism, this sense of order dissolved also. The uprooted villager, bewildered at the vast array of changes buffeting him about, was lost without a coherent view of the world. The Confucian emperor was obviously a French vassal; how could he be respected anymore as the pinnacle of the universe? Where did the new large landowners and the managers of the rubber plantation owners fit into the old scheme of things...
...successors labored for decades to impress the Emperor and the powerful mandarin scholars with their own impeccable scholarship, eventually becoming keepers of the imperial calendar. But this opportunity to win China for Christianity was lost when Rome denied the missionaries' pleas that Chinese converts be left undisturbed in their Confucian reverence for their ancestors...
Hovering in the twilight of life at the age of 79, Mao Tse-tung seems to be becoming ever more Confucian. Recent pictures of him receiving visitors in his book-lined study indicate that he spends much of of his time there, and he gave visiting Japanese Premier Tanaka several volumes of Confucianist commentaries on Ch'u poetry (the historical state of Ch'u is Mao's birthplace). China watchers believe that they have seen signs of Mao's beginning to turn inward, to reflect on himself in the light of Confucian philosophy. From a Confucian...
...parents were Presbyterian missionaries, and the family soon went back to China. Her father believed that he had to mingle with the Chinese if he was to influence them toward Christianity; he wore Chinese dress and even grew a queue. Pearl was tutored by a Confucian scholar and spoke Chinese before she spoke English. All her playmates were Chinese, and she realized that she was "different" only in 1900, when the Boxer Rebellion flared and the Empress Dowager Tz'u-hsi decreed that all white people must be killed. The family had to take refuge briefly in Shanghai...