Word: conseils
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...ruling Monday, by the Conseil d'Etat, or State Council, was cheered by organizations representing French Jews and families of Jews who were deported during the war - a mere 3,000 of whom ultimately returned. The judgment involved the case of a 76 year-old woman seeking damages for the 1941 deportation of her father by Vichy forces to Auschwitz, where he was killed. In its decision, the Conseil d'Etat held the French state, as then represented by Vichy, "responsible for damages caused by actions which did not result from the occupiers' direct orders, but facilitated deportation from France...
...Yesterday's ruling goes further. "While [Chirac's] speech was so important to France and her Jews by finally stating an historic truth, the ruling by the Conseil d'Etat is also crucial, because it now sets that down in stone in legal terms," Klarsfeld explains...
...Still, the Conseil d'Etat rejected Faiza M.'s application on the grounds the observance constituted "a radical practice of her religion (and) behavior in society incompatible with the essential values of the French community, notably the principle of equality between the sexes...
...challenged - came in response to Faiza M.'s appeal of an initial rejection of her naturalization application in 2005. The earlier decision faulted her "insufficient assimilation", and cited her form of dress, virtual seclusion, and submission to her husband as justification. In her petition to the Conseil d'Etat, Faiza M. argued the 2005 ruling violated France's constitutional right of freedom of religion by condemning her observance of Islam. The rejection of that appeal is final...
...aimed at keeping Islamic headscarves out of classrooms. And each new report of commotion - or even violence - in hospitals when Muslim husbands refuse to allow male doctors to tend to their wives sparks renewed outcry and debate that secular French society is under siege from foreign religious influences. The Conseil d'Etat's ruling may allay some of those fears-but not without generating cries of discrimination among many of France's five million Muslim...