Word: controllable
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Soviet leader may face a potential conflict between his desire for a cleaner environment and his hopes of rapidly raising the living standards and / consumption levels of his people. Without careful pollution control, boosting production will befoul the environment even more. And money that goes into antipollution equipment cannot be used for industrial expansion. In Boulder, Morgun emphasized that the Kremlin wanted to get around this dilemma by redirecting money from military spending into the civilian economy. That, he said, depended on continued progress in arms-control talks with...
...many Soviet factories are obsolete and inefficient, they consume an inordinate amount of energy, making the country one of the largest contributors to the greenhouse effect. The Soviets are aware of this problem and hope to solve it by importing technology designed to improve energy efficiency and pollution control. They hope that much of that technology will come from the U.S. Said Morgun: "We will go anyplace, over any mountain, over an ocean to get the technology. And if you offer some kind of technology, we will be glad to accept it. We would be most grateful...
That is a plea the U.S. should take seriously, by easing restrictions on the export of industrial technology to the Soviets. Unfortunately, the biggest barrier to such shipments is not export controls but the lack of hard currency. The U.S. cannot finance the Soviet drive to conserve energy and control pollution, but America should offer as much technical assistance as possible. The Soviets seem to be sincerely determined to clean up their act, and the U.S. should help...
...handle all this waste? Many countries have made a start by locating and cleaning up acres of landfills and lagoons of liquid waste. But few nations have been able to formulate adequate strategies to control the volume of waste produced. Moreover, there are precious few methods of effective disposal, and each has its own drawbacks. As landfills reach capacity, new sites become scarcer and more expensive. Incinerators, burdensome investments for many communities, also have serious limitations: contaminant-laden ash residue itself requires a dump site. Rising consumer demands for more throwaway packaging add to the volume...
...developing countries have regulations to control the output of hazardous waste, and even fewer have the technology or the trained personnel to dispose of it. Foreign contractors in many African or Asian countries still build plants without including costly waste-disposal systems. Where new technology is available, it is too often inappropriate. In Lagos, Nigeria, five new incinerator plants stand idle because they can only treat garbage containing less than 20% water; most of the city's garbage is 30% to 40% liquid...