Word: controllable
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...higher. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.) in 1998 found that children in upstate New York whose mothers were visited by nurses during pregnancy and two years after birth were 59% less likely to have been arrested 15 years later, compared with a control group. After receiving visits by nurses during their mother's pregnancy and during their first two years of life, visited children in upstate New York were 59% less likely to be arrested than those in the control group...
...Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first reported in December that 2% of influenza strains circulating in the 2007-08 season were resistant to the most popular antiflu remedy, oseltamivir, or Tamiflu. They warned that the prevalence of these strains would probably continue to increase, and indeed, early data from the current season suggest they have. Influenza is composed of three subtypes of virus, and last year 12% of one of those subtypes, known as H1, were resistant to oseltamivir. This year almost all of the H1 contingent, 98%, are resistant. (Read "Getting Closer...
...Problem gambling, like all addictions, is at least partly rooted in poor impulse control, and if there's any place people make their want-it-now neediness known, it's in kindergarten. Psychologist Linda Pagani of the Sainte-Justice University Hospital Research Center and the University of Montreal conducted a longitudinal study that began in 1999, when she assembled a sample group of 163 kindergartners with a median age of 5.5 years. The kids' teachers filled out a questionnaire in which they rated each child's degree of inattentiveness, distractibility and hyperactivity on a scale of 1 to 9. Pagani...
...When she referred back to the ratings from kindergarten, she found that every one-unit increase on the impulsivity scale correlated with a 25% jump in the likelihood a child would be gambling by sixth grade. "The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual already refers to gambling specifically as an impulse-control disorder," she says, citing the official text that outlines diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. "And then there were our findings showing that...
...What's more, not only can kids' behavior benefit when impulse issues are spotted early on, so can their brains. Preschool is a time when the prefrontal lobes, which are the center of executive functions - and what Pagani and others call "effortful control" - are just developing. The better the brain can be trained at this stage, the better it performs later in life. Pagani cites a 2007 study published in the journal Science that showed that simple attention-boosting training taught in kindergarten improved focus and concentration in later years. "You can introduce a cost-effective program and reap enormous...