Word: controls
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Though De Gaulle has long looked with sympathy at the financial plight of the parochial schools, it was not until last October that his government finally decided that the time might be settled enough to consider a formula for aid. But the big question still remained: How much control would the church schools have to accept in return? The cardinals and bishops of France signed a statement pleading with the government not to touch the autonomy of the parochial schools, and even the Freemasons broke precedent by plunging into the controversy. But of all the arguments that flew over France...
...Neutralization. From the start, Education Minister André Boulloche, a convinced laïque, has been at odds with Premier Debré. Boulloche insisted that his ministry have almost complete control over any school that accepted state aid, refused even to tolerate crucifixes and robes. Enraged, Culture Minister André Malraux turned on Boulloche, snapped: "Neutralization in teaching does not exist." At one point, De Gaulle firmly reminded his quarreling ministers, "We are no longer under the Fourth Republic," warned them that an impasse in the Cabinet could sweep it out of office. To Boulloche he said, "I understand your...
...provision stipulating state control of any school accepting state support, another requiring such schools to open their doors to all pupils, no matter what their "origin, belief or opinion." The church was stunned. At week's end, quailing at the prospect of a debate packed with so much emotion, Deputies on both sides began calling on De Gaulle for his personal arbitration. But the general, having seen his Cabinet dangerously split for the first time, chose silence...
...than 500,000 voters (v. 60,000 currently eligible), and 50 of the 71 seats in the Legislative Council will be open to candidates of any race, with ten reserved for white and eleven for Asians and Arabs. Since they represent 98.6% of the population, Africans will easily win control of the Legislature, and dominate the elected executive, the Ministerial Council (Britain will retain Defense, Finance, Foreign Affairs and Justice...
Landing at Stanleyville in the eastern Congo, he was greeted by mobs of black-shirted Africans shouting demands for independence. The King was jostled but kept smiling as the police used tear gas to control the crowd. That night, he broadcast an appeal to the nation: "I am trying, above all, to serve your own interests. The time has come to satisfy the legitimate aspirations of the Congolese, and at the same time avoid the disappointments of uncontrolled evolution . . . Belgium spontaneously and generously calls the Congo to a near independence." One reply, scrawled with chalk on a Stanleyville wall: "Vive...