Word: controls
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Stalin's ghost is the most formidable opponent of almost every change that Gorbachev is trying to effect. It was Stalin who established the system of collective farms and the stifling central control of industry that Gorbachev is attempting to break up. And it was Stalin who punished independent thinking with such savagery as to smother the creativity of whole generations...
...lost 20 lbs. and have 20 to go," says Russian-language teacher Tatiana Sarycheva, 28, as she slides up and down on a yellow abacus-like machine designed to massage away fat. Besides offering classes in exercise and diet planning, the clinic employs less conventional methods of weight control, including hypnosis and even acupuncture...
...almost any other country, the sight of a few computers would hardly seem worth noting. But in a society predicated on the control of information -- and, perhaps more important, on centralized decision making -- the placing of information processors in the hands of factory managers, middle-level bureaucrats, educators, journalists and regional planners is very big news. "There's a struggle taking place over the control of information," says Loren Graham, a Soviet-science watcher at M.I.T. "The debate is whether to make personal computers available to the general public or to restrict access by price or institutional control...
...Academy of Sciences, the fledgling organization was beset by bureaucrats at every turn. First the housing authority said space would be granted only if the club agreed to turn over its computers. Then, when Kasparov procured 70 more machines, the state committee on sports insisted that it should have control of the computers. Only after Kasparov vehemently protested were the bureaucrats thwarted and the children able to keep their machines...
...they learn to speak out more freely, Muslims are trying to regain some control of religious affairs. Popular pressures led to last month's installation, with great fanfare, of a new leader for the Central Asia board. The previous head, reputed to be more adept at drinking (forbidden by Islam) and politics than study of the Koran, was ousted after an unprecedented protest march in Tashkent. His successor is Mukhammadsadyk Mamayusupov, 36, a modest and dignified scholar. At the same time as Mamayusupov's elevation, the Uzbek Republic gave his board a precious Koran dictated by Caliph Osman...