Word: convicted
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...California prison system into which George Jackson entered is a criminologist's dream and a convict's nightmare. In their 1951 book, New Horizons in Criminology, Harry Elmer Barnes and Hegley K. Teeters said: "The state of California stands in the forefront of penal experimentation, with its progressive philosophy epitomized in the Youth and Adult Authorities." At the time, the statement may well have been accurate, for Earl Warren was then governor of the state and had effected a number of changes designed to bring California's prison system into the 20th century. However, the promise seeded by the reforms...
FORCED CONFESSION. The Constitution of the United States stands as a bar against the conviction of any individual in an American court by means of a coerced confession. There have been, and are now, certain foreign nations with governments dedicated to an opposite policy: governments which convict individuals with testimony obtained by police organizations possessed of an unrestrained power to seize persons suspected of crimes against the state, hold them in secret custody, and wring from them confessions by physical means or mental torture. So long as the Constitution remains the basic law of our republic, America will not have...
...Oswald decided to talk to the prisoners in person. Although that tactic was later to be criticized, his personal courage could not be. While police sharpshooters kept watch from prison walls, Oswald and Herman Schwartz, a reform-minded attorney trusted by the convict leaders, walked into the midst of the rebels. The prisoners had created an extremely efficient paramilitary organization. The leaders had commandeered a megaphone, and they dictated a list of demands, which had been neatly typed by inmates seated at a long bench. The hostages were encircled and carefully guarded?both against escape and from any harm...
...Oswald walked clown the "DMZ" to confront a prisoner delegation led by Clark. Brother Richard said he wanted more time; again he demanded "complete, total, unadulterated amnesty" and the removal of "that guy Mancusi." At 9:05 a.m., a convict shouted down the corridor through a mega phone that all hostages would be killed if state troopers tried to storm the compound. Replied Oswald's chief assistant, Walter Dunbar: "Release the prisoners now. Then the commissioner will meet with you." The fatal one-word reply was "Negative...
...years of confinement," observes Fred Wilkinson, Missouri's Chief of Corrections, with some hyperbole. Indeterminate sentences have been used in California for years. Sometimes, as in the case of George Jackson, they have had the effect of absurdly prolonging prison terms because parole examiners did not like a convict's attitude. But the system would work, it has been argued, if inmates were regularly reviewed by a panel of psychologists as well as parole officers. Some reformers would like the original sentences fixed by correction officers and psychologists instead of judges. If fixed, sentences should be shorter...