Word: coolant
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...arid fishing town of Puerto Penasco. Heart of the system is a 60-kw. Caterpillar diesel generator. But unlike other diesel-powered systems, in which about two-thirds of the fuel energy is wasted as heat, the Mexican installation feeds its hot exhaust gases and heated coolant water into a heat exchanger. Sea water pumped through the exchanger is heated to 160° F., and then passed into a tower evaporator. About 10% of the heated water is vaporized, condensed into pure water on the sea-water-cooled coils of an adjacent condenser tower and stored in a fresh water...
...combustible materials that had cluttered Apollo's spacecraft before the January fire. Aluminum plumbing which melted at 1080° F. has been replaced by stainless steel. Brazed joints that withstand temperatures approaching 1,600° F. have been substituted for soldered joints that melt at 360° F. Coolant pipelines, which service electronic components and can release flammable glycol when ruptured, have been "armor-plated" at joints with high-strength epoxy. Should the joints come open, the epoxy serves as a back-up seal. Along Apollo's 15 miles of electrical wiring, circuit-breaker panels have been fireproofed...
...conductor "arced"-or spurted-to another object, and the blaze began. Almost immediately, it raged out of control in the cabin's 100% oxygen atmosphere, which was capable of turning any spark into a conflagration. Some 70 Ibs. of inflammable materials such as nylon netting and chemical coolant fed the flames...
...prime point of suspicion for the origin of the flames was still the environmental control system (ECS), which furnishes a pure-oxygen atmosphere to the cabin interior and which has a potentially volatile coolant running through its pipes. Experts were arguing anew the pros and cons of a more stable, two-gas atmosphere in the capsules...
...kept in liquid form, it must be stored in refrigerated tanks at a temperature of - 423 °F. And since a plane moving at scramjet speeds will be seared by the heat of friction as it moves through the atmosphere, the frigid hydrogen will make an ideal coolant to be pumped through the skin of wings and fuselage before it is burned...