Word: copperizing
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IRONICALLY, the best documented assertions that Rojas can make concern the complicity of the CIA, the Pentagon, and American corporations such as ITT and Kennecott Copper in the plotting. There is now ample testimony before Congress on the sordid, illegal activities carried out under the innocuous name of "destabilization." From 1964, when the CIA bought so many Chilean escudos to contribute to Allende's opponents that it caused a shortage on the money market, through the conspiracy to kidnap General Rene Schneider and the 1972 truck owners' strike that was funded largely with CIA donations, the history of American intervention...
...later, Captain John Smith, having decided he'd had enough of Virginia-he had three times been sentenced to death there-sailed north and discovered the valley of the Charles. There he proclaimed he had high hopes "to take Whales and make tryalls of a Myne of Gold and Copper". Fish there were, whales there were, but gold and silver there were not, as Smith probably well knew. He was thoroughly enchanted with the place and all he wanted to do was attract the interest and backing of Prince Charles so that he could return with an expedition to found...
...conventional telephone hookup, sound waves entering a microphone are converted into electrical pulses, which travel along a copper wire to another phone, where they are converted back to sound waves. In a typical optical arrangement (see diagram), sound waves entering a telephone microphone are converted into electrical signals. These signals pass through an encoder, which converts them into electrical pulses that switch a laser on and off, interrupting a light beam being sent into the end of a fiber. The light thus travels in a series of pulses, not unlike Morse code, that race along the glass "wire...
Fibers have enormous advantages over wires. Because they do not "leak" light as copper wires "leak" electricity, fibers should eliminate the cross talk and static that can occur when one telephone wire spills some of its signal into a neighboring line. Measuring as little as one-thousandth of an inch in diameter, the fibers are also far less bulky than wires -an important consideration in cities, where underground cable conduits are already overcrowded. Eventually, the fibers may also prove cheaper. Supplies of copper are limited; silicon, the chief ingredient of glass fiber, is one of the most plentiful materials...
Field Test. Bell Labs is currently field-testing an experimental fiber-optics communications system in Atlanta. But much work must still be done before glass replaces copper in regular systems. Engineers are still trying to find efficient ways of joining the threadlike fibers together. Researchers are working to increase the lifetime of the lasers used to generate the fine beams upon which optical communication depends; the lasers now in use have a projected lifetime of 100,000 hours; researchers would like to increase this to 1 million hours. Scientists are also developing integrated optical circuits, the optical equivalent...